Adolescence is an important turning point in women’s health when physical, psychological and hormonal changes occur rapidly. During this period, young girls should carefully monitor reproductive health, gynecological problems and menstrual cycles and seek expert help when necessary. Adolescent gynecology aims to protect the reproductive health of girls in this age group, identify health problems at an early age and guide the treatment process when necessary.

Puberty and Gynecological Changes

Puberty usually starts between the ages of 9 and 16 and lasts for several years. During this period, young girls’ bodies undergo many changes:

• Onset of Menstruation (Menarche): One of the most distinctive features of puberty is the first menstruation. Menarche usually starts around 12-13 years of age, but in some girls it may be earlier or later.
• Hormonal Changes: The menstrual cycle is regulated by hormones such as estrogen and progesterone. These hormones trigger growth, breast development and changes in the genital organs in young girls’ bodies.
• Sexual Development: During puberty, physical changes such as increased body fat, breast development, and growth of genital organs are observed.

Gynecological Problems in Adolescence

Puberty is a period when various gynecological problems can be seen with the irregularity of hormones and rapid changes in the body. These problems may include the following:

• Menstrual Irregularities: During puberty, the menstrual cycle can sometimes be irregular. After the first menstrual bleeding, it may take a few years to establish a regular cycle. However, very frequent or prolonged menstrual bleeding, excessive pain, etc. may indicate a health problem.
• Painful Menstruation (Dysmenorrhea): Pain during menstruation is common in adolescents. The pain can often be severe in the first days of menstruation and usually decreases over time.
• Vaginal Infections: Hormone changes during puberty can predispose to vaginal infections. It is important to inform adolescents about vaginal hygiene before sexual activity begins.
• Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS): This condition can manifest itself with symptoms such as menstrual irregularities, excessive hair growth and weight gain and is a common endocrine disorder during adolescence.
• Sexual Education and Psychological Support: Adolescence is also an important period in terms of sexual identity and psychological development. Adolescents should be given accurate information about sexuality, protection methods and their bodies.

Adolescent Gynecology and Health Monitoring

In adolescence, gynecological examinations are usually only performed when there is a medical necessity. In some cases, however, the health status of adolescents should be monitored:

• First Gynecological Examination: The first gynecological examination may be necessary if menstrual periods do not become regular or if there are other health problems during puberty. Young girls should be encouraged to undergo this examination without embarrassment or fear.
• Sex Education and Prevention: Adolescent girls should have accurate information about sexual health, contraception and sexually transmitted diseases. This education can help develop healthy sexual behaviors at an early age.
• Psycho-Social Support: Adolescence is a challenging period both physically and psychologically. Psychological support is important to ensure that adolescents grow in peace with their bodies and develop a healthy sexual identity.

Monitoring Menstrual Patterns in Puberty

Menstrual irregularities are directly linked to hormones and changes in the body. However, frequent menstrual irregularities during puberty can sometimes be a symptom of a health problem. A specialist gynecologist may recommend hormone therapy or lifestyle changes to regulate the menstrual cycle.

Your doctor monitors the gynecological health of adolescent girls and guides their healthy development through proper treatment and education. During this period, physical development and psychological support are provided together, enabling young girls to express themselves confidently and receive the necessary education for a healthy sexual life in the coming years. The aim is to ensure that young girls have the right information about reproductive health and to improve their quality of life.