Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) is a common hormonal disorder affecting women of reproductive age. It is characterized by the formation of multiple small cysts in the ovaries and may present with symptoms such as irregular menstrual cycles, excessive hair growth, acne, and weight gain. PCOS affects not only reproductive health but also overall metabolic health, and early diagnosis along with appropriate treatment is of great importance.

Although the exact causes of PCOS are not fully understood, genetic predisposition, insulin resistance, and hormonal imbalances play significant roles in its development. Irregular or absent ovulation can lead to infertility. Additionally, women with PCOS may have a higher risk of developing type 2 diabetes, hypertension, and cardiovascular diseases.

To diagnose PCOS, the patient’s clinical history, hormone tests, and ultrasound imaging are evaluated. Treatment is tailored based on whether the patient wishes to conceive. For those planning pregnancy, medications that regulate ovulation may be used, while for those not trying to conceive, birth control pills or medications that reduce insulin resistance are often recommended to regulate the menstrual cycle and manage hormonal balance. A healthy diet and regular exercise also play a major role in the management of PCOS.