Premature menopause is a condition in which a woman’s menstrual cycle ends before the age of 40 when the ovaries lose their function. Premature Ovarian Insufficiency (POI) is the medical term for early menopause and can cause loss of fertility in women. Normally, the average age of menopause is around 50 years old, but women with premature menopause lose ovulatory function well before this age.

The exact cause of early menopause is often unknown, but factors such as genetic factors, autoimmune diseases, certain cancer treatments (chemotherapy or radiation), genetic mutations, and lifestyle factors can lead to the development of the disease. In addition, some women may be at risk of early menopause due to an inborn genetic predisposition.

Women who go through early menopause often experience the symptoms of menopause, such as menstrual irregularities, hot flashes, night sweats, vaginal dryness, mood swings and loss of libido. Early menopause can also affect bone health, as the lack of the hormone estrogen leads to weakened bones and an increased risk of osteoporosis.

For diagnosis, blood tests and ultrasound are used to assess ovarian function. Treatment for early menopause includes hormone replacement therapy (HRT) to provide estrogen and progesterone support to relieve symptoms and maintain bone health. In addition, fertility treatments (such as egg and embryo freezing) may also be an option for women with early menopause.